HOW TO CREATE A FULL TABLE OF OBSERVATION FROM A GIVEN END POINT

Some students may be wondering" how can I draw a table of observation in my chemistry O'level practical from given end points without carrying out an experiment?"
Read the below post.

To the O’level candidate(WAEC,NECO etc),do you know you can draw a full table of observations in your chemistry titration practical exam (if given the end-point value)without carrying out a single experiment?

The below steps will guide you in doing just that;

1.If you are given and end-point  titre value of say 17.50cm³ (i.e for example),make all your initial readings 0.00cm³ then on  the final readings, manipulate the 1^st,2^nd and 3^rd titre values such that the average of the three values will yield the given end-point titre value. Any value can be assigned to the rough titre reading column i.e

	Rough cm3	1st titre value cm3	2nd titre value cm3	3rd titre value cm3
Initial reading	0.00cm3	0.00cm3	0.00cm3	0.00cm3
Final reading	18.60 cm3	17.30 cm3	17.40 cm3	17.50 cm3
Volume used	18.60 cm3	17.30 cm3	17.40 cm3	17.50 cm3

The above is a complete titration table gotten from a given end-point without a single experiment.

Note however that the initial reading need not necessarily be 0.00cm³,any other small value could be used but that value must be added to the final reading value such that when subtracted from the final reading value the value of the volume used will be the same as obtained when 0.00cm³ was used. i.e using the same 17.50 cm³ as end point

	Rough cm3	1st titre value cm3	2nd titre value cm3	3rd titre value cm3
Initial reading	10.00cm3	0.00cm3	2.50cm3	15.00cm3
Final reading	28.60 cm3	17.30 cm3	19.90 cm3	32.50 cm3
Volume used	28.60 cm3	17.30 cm3	17.40 cm3	17.50 cm3

You will observe that the volume of acid used is still the same for both methods using  17.50cm³ as end points.

If the second method can be skillfully manipulated a very clean an authentic table will be obtained from the end-point given to you without a single experiment.

Note; rough titre values can take any value.

Leave your questions on the comment box.